In two years they have reached the same stage of corruption as white punch-'em-and-stick-'em-and-shoot-'em action movies.
The next stage of corruption is impurity.
The final stage of corruption is perversity, or wickedness.
People may also be including forms of corruption other than petty corruption when they rate the overall level of corruption in the health services.
The city and its state have made progress since but, according to Mr Simpson, it will take at least a decade and at least eight stages of reform to end corruption in the place.
Right now we're in the early stages of a tough anti-corruption drive, probably the toughest in the history of the People's Republic.
Austerity would ignite intolerance of corruption, and set the stage for an authoritarian populist just like Mr Fujimori.
"The country in the future will be free of corruption," he commanded from the stage at a rally in the southern coastal town of Kalutara.
Uefa president Michel Platini has called for a re-vote on the staging of the 2022 World Cup if allegations of corruption against Qatar are proven.
More allegations of corruption during the bidding process to stage the World Cups in 2018 and 2022 have been made.
