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Brendan Gleeson's gangster has a moment of renunciation in "In Bruges," and Hans and Marty experience something similar in this movie, but it ends, as "In Bruges" did, with gunfire — in this case, a badly staged exchange of shots that isn't funny enough to justify the stuttering delivery.
Although reinfection rates of only 9% and 11% after one-stage revision have been reported (Göksan and Freeman 1992, Buechel et al. 2004), the high failure rate of 27% per primum intentionem reported by von Foerster et al. (1991) indicates that the outcome is not as predictable as that of staged exchange.
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Twenty-two patients (92%) underwent a successful 2-stage exchange.
Eighteen patients underwent a successful 2-stage exchange.
Relapse of infection after two-stage exchange might be associated with Gram-negative bacteria.
A single-stage exchange has the potential to decrease the number of surgeries and, subsequently, costs.
Within each stage exchange of gas takes place between the bubble, cloud-wake and emulsion phases.
An antibiotic-loaded articulating cement spacer (ALACS) was used in the 2-stage exchange of infected total knee arthroplasty.
Indeed, some results have showed at least 89% success rate with direct exchange which are comparable with two-stage exchange procedures.
Other treatment options include chronic antibiotic suppression, debridement with implant retention, resection arthroplasty, 1- or 2-stage exchange, arthrodesis, and amputation.
In this field, the standard procedure is a two-stage exchange, which could achieve the highest eradication rate and better functional outcome [21, 22].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com