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Summary: The comparison of different nephron-specific Wt1-knockout mouse models identifies the stage of origin of human WT1-mutant Wilms' tumours.
Either way, better understanding of this group of tumours could provide valuable new insights into the link between stage of origin and Wilms' tumour phenotype.
As cancer cells arise from stem cells, the degree of differentiation and malignancy of the cells mainly depend on the differentiating stage of origin stem cells at which the maturation arrest and oncogenic mutations occur.
Identifying the developmental stage of origin of Wilms' tumours will allow the design of new and improved therapies based on a better understanding of normal and impaired kidney development.
Interestingly, a recent analysis of Wilms' tumour cancer stem cells (CSCs) has shown that these cells dedifferentiate to an early developmental stage to form the bulk of the tumour (Shukrun et al., 2014), indicating that the histology (and by extension the expression pattern) of a Wilms' tumour does not necessarily represent the stage of origin of the tumour.
Comparison of genome-wide expression data from the mutant mouse models with human tumour material of mutant or wild-type WT1 datasets identified the stage of origin of human WT1-mutant tumours, and emphasizes fundamental differences between the two human tumour groups due to different developmental stages of origin.
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Comparison of genome-wide expression data of these mutants to Wilms' tumour microarray data suggests the stages of origin of the WT1-mutant and WT1-wild-type tumour subsets, and further highlights their different developmental characteristics.
To start elucidating the events that lead to Wilms' tumour formation, we analyzed the role of Wt1 before and after the MET, one of the candidate stages of origin of the tumours.
In addition, the comparison of genome-wide expression data from the mouse mutants with human tumour datasets suggests that different human Wilms' tumour subtypes have different developmental stages of origin.
Froelich, Kang et al. propose that the two Mcm2-7 motor domains must play an important function in the early stages of origin activation, pumping duplex DNA towards the centre of the complex, and hence promoting duplex melting and the subsequent capture of the leading strand by the helicase.
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