Sentence examples for stage of conjugation from inspiring English sources

During the early stage of conjugation, two different mating types of T. thermophila cells approach each other till the pair formed.

Day (1976) described the initial stage of conjugation as transmission of the pheromone ('inducer molecules') from the a1 to the a2 cells.

Samples of cells at different stage of conjugation were fixed in an equal volume of 3% paraformaldehyde in PHEM buffer (60 mM PIPES, 25 mM HEPES, 10 mM EGTA, and 2 mM magnesium chloride) with 0.5% Triton X-100.

ΔEZL3 cells also showed delayed formation of piRNA-like scanRNA, a class of non-coding RNAs intricately involved with heterochromatin formation and DNA elimination at the nuclear differentiation stage of conjugation (Mochizuki et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2007).

Therefore, it seemed reasonable to turn this approach around to identify candidate genes involved in late stages of IES elimination by searching for genes with distinctive patterns of expression in the later stages of conjugation.

Dcl1p localizes only to the micronucleus during meiosis and is required in the early stages of conjugation for cleavage of the double stranded RNAs produced in the micronucleus into the 28 nt scnRNAs [52], [53].

The studies described above indicate that genes involved in meiosis and in the RNAi-mediated process of IES targeting are likely to have specific patterns of expression in earlier stages of conjugation.

It is important to emphasize that these genes are not simply ones that are required for starvation or for return to vegetative growth since their induced expression is highly specific to the late stages of conjugation and is not found in the other physiological stages we have examined.

New candidate genes associated with the RNAi-like process of DNA elimination and with meiosis are identified and the late stages of conjugation are shown to be characterized by specific expression of an unexpectedly large and diverse number of genes not involved in nuclear functions.

Preliminary annotation of these genes indicates that they have highly diverse functions (eg., multiple kinases, TPR domain proteins, WD domain proteins, zinc finger domain proteins, proteins with cyclic nucleotide binding domains and cell surface proteins), suggesting that a number of novel processes, in addition to IES removal, occur specifically in the late stages of conjugation.

Although parental ΔEZL3 cells reach terminal cytological stages of conjugation, the progeny viability was significantly impaired.