Lepidopterans undergo a four-stage lifecycle: egg; larva or caterpillar; pupa or chrysalis; and imago (plural: imagines) / adult and show many variations of the basic body structure, which have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle and distribution.
Bacilli and Clostridia have a two-stage lifecycle in which growing bacteria in response to nutritional deprivation undergo an elaborate developmental program leading to spore formation.
Malaria is a complex vector-borne disease in that the parasite has a multi-stage lifecycle with two hosts: mosquitoes and humans.
Each stage of lifecycle contains its own functional information as a part of unify complementary information model.
The numbers of 2 fold or 5 fold or higher enriched genes for each individual developmental stage or lifecycle grouping is summarised in Table 1 (individual lists are available as Additional file 2).
Splitting various elements and corresponding constraints into different perspectives of interests, enables separation of concerns such as domains of expertise, levels of abstraction, and stages in lifecycle.
As well as the aforementioned major GPI-anchored surface molecules, T. brucei expresses numerous other GPI-anchored and transmembrane glycoproteins at the cell surface, in the flagellar pocket and in the intracellular endosomal lysosomal system, some of which are lifecycle stage- or display lifecycle stage-specific glycosylation differences.
The impact of the built environment may vary depending on the lifecycle stage, and the years spent at each stage will differ.
A dashed, bi-directional arrow in Figure 16 denotes that a faulty exception occurring at a specific lifecycle stage leads to a rollback into a previous lifecycle stage.
A final cut-off was applied to the microarray data generating lists of genes that were ≥ 2 fold (relative to the median intensity) in each lifecycle stage; these combined lists consist of 4,443 probes/3263 genes represent stage-enriched gene transcripts.
As for greenhouse gases, there's no getting around the fact that most diesel fuel is derived from oil — a huge contributor to global warming at every stage of its lifecycle.
