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Robustness is a fundamental property of biological systems and is defined as the ability to maintain stable functioning in the face of various perturbations.
Robustness, a fundamental and ubiquitously observed phenomenon in biological systems, is defined as the ability to maintain stable functioning in the face of various perturbations, and is characterized as genetic or environmental robustness, depending on whether the perturbations are inheritable or not [ 1].
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Sandwiched hepatocytes exhibiting stable functions in culture represent a standard model for hepatotoxicity testing of drugs.
The restoration of pain-free stable function in gleno-humeral arthritic cases in various situations such as rotator cuff deficiency, old trauma and failed total shoulder arthroplasty is a challenging clinical dilemma.
The Bayley Walker (Stanmore Implants, Elstree, UK) reversed polarity, linked shoulder replacement is designed to provide stable function in the treatment of a painful shoulder with poor soft tissue coverage.
Postoperative 99mTc-pertechnetate examination showed that the secretory function from all viable transplanted SMGs maintained stable function in the long term [21].
The reports from these groups confirmed that the secretions from all viable transplanted SMGs maintained stable function in the long term and had been effective for severe cases of KCS [12-17].
Such neural circuits must maintain stable function in the face of many plastic challenges during learning, development and aging.
Unilineal kinship systems were seen by British anthropologists of this period as providing a basis for the stable functioning of societies in the absence of state institutions.
In their opinion, however, the principle of descent remained paramount in assuring the stable functioning of societies without states.
In further research Goldin and colleagues [ 65] found that a course of MBCT in patients with a history of suicidal depression supported stable neural functioning in relative left-frontal activation indicating the maintenance of their level of positive affective style compared to patients receiving treatment as usual who showed decreased activation and thus worsening positive affectivity.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com