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Two repressors of seed maturation genes, ASIL1 (ARABIDOPSIS 6B-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1-LIKE 1) [ 69] and PICKLE (PKL) [ 70], were modestly expressed and exhibited a stable expression pattern throughout seed maturation.
The Mi-actin gene showed the most stable expression pattern (lowest geometric mean) and was used to further normalize Mi-crt expression levels.
Using the Genevestigator Refgene tool with Arabidopsis microarray data from Potyvirus-infected Arabidopsis as input data, candidate reference genes with stable expression pattern were selected as potential internal controls for the cassava – Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV; genus Ipomovirus; family Potyviridae) pathosystem.
While this approach leads to a stable expression pattern, the generation of transgenic mice is expensive and time consuming.
Flower stage D exhibited the most stable expression pattern in both lines.
The considerably more stable expression pattern of hba can be seen in [Additional file 1.
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The method requires host reference genes with stable expression patterns under experimental conditions as internal controls for correct data normalization.
When compared to other rice reference genes, Os-actin showed stable expression patterns in galls and roots of O. sativa cv.
As an example of the kind of meta-analysis that is possible with a large public microarray expression database, we identify genes with very stable expression patterns, suitable as reference or control genes in northern blots, and genes with highly variable expression patterns in 162 Arabidopsis experiments.
When examining these controls, the beads array and TLDA performed better than the LNA array, which had only four controls that maintained relatively stable expression patterns across all samples.
Our results provide the first comprehensive evaluation of the evolutionary forces acting upon regulatory QTL and suggest that the evolutionarily stable expression patterns observed at the level of overall transcript abundance are due to persistent weak purifying selection acting against novel regulatory alleles in most genes.
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