From δ13CWSOM and tropospheric CO2 (δ13Catm), we calculated the photosynthetic carbon stable isotope discrimination (Δ13CWSOM).
(A) assimilation rates (A), (B) stomatal conductance (gs), and (C) carbon stable isotope discrimination (Δ13CWSOM) were measured in May and July of 2010 and 2011 at two field sites, Schluchsee and Wiesloch.
(A) Assimilation rates (A), (B) stomatal conductance (gs), (C) intrinsic water-use efficiency (IWUE), (D) dark respiration rate (R), (E) carbon stable isotope discrimination (Δ13CWSOM), (F) maximum quantum yield of dark-adapted needles (Fv/Fm), (G) effective quantum yield of light-adapted needles (ΦPSII), and (H) non-photochemical quenching (NPQ).
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Moreover, later in the experiment, each group showed a stable FM discrimination on consecutive training sessions.
Because gm assessments based on gas exchange in leaves and stable carbon isotope discrimination in recently synthesized carbohydrates37 require a large amount of pulverized and lyophilized leaf material (100 mg per sample 84,85, the experiments were conducted with large-scaled pools of plant populations86.
In this work a multidisciplinary analysis of plant microremains (pollen and phytoliths) and macroremains (wood charcoal) is carried out along with stable carbon isotope discrimination of wood charcoals in an early PPNB site (Tell Qarassa North, west of the Jabal al-Arab area).
Based on gas exchange and stable carbon isotope 13C discrimination, the gm value was 45% smaller in the atpip1 4-3 mutant than in the WT plant (Supplementary Table 1).
As a proxy that integrates IWUE over several days we also estimated discrimination against stable carbon isotopes in water-soluble organic matter of needles (Δ13CWSOM).
