Surprisingly, CYP51 and CYP61 show very consistent evolutionary rates, which suggest their applicability to be used as fungal molecular clock trees and the stable and consistent evolutionary rates of CYPs.
A size-structured consumer-resource model that considered reduced food competition and size-selectivity caused by harvesting, predicted multiple alternative ecological and evolutionary stable states (ESSs) for size at maturity (de Roos et al. 2006).
Thanks to its features, DUI provides a unique and evolutionary stable system to study mitochondrial inheritance, heteroplasmy, mitonuclear coevolution, genomic conflicts, and many basic aspects of mitochondrial biology [ 2, 22, 30].
This process creates monophyletic and evolutionary stable entities known as "haplogroups," defined by biallelic markers (usually single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) with a low mutation rate (Xue et al. 2009), which can be arranged in an unambiguous maximum parsimony (MP) phylogenetic tree (Underhill et al. 2000; Karafet et al. 2008; van Oven et al. 2014).
Morphological mismatches may also favour plants if they consistently evolve faster than insects and stable evolutionary equilibria have not yet been reached.
This finding may indicate that these species did not undergo a southern range expansion, and instead may suggest the presence of more long-term and stable spatial evolutionary processes.
In this case, if the population is uniform (completely mixed, undivided), immutability is evolutionary stable and is probably selected for.
In addition, we show that the dichotomy between evolutionary stable and optimal MRs can be seen as a special case of a more general phenomenon in which optimal behaviors may be destabilized in finite populations, since optimal sub-populations may become extinct before the benefit of their behavior is expressed.
The low dN/ dS rate observed for INSL5 indicates this peptide to be evolutionary stable and of functional importance.
Clearly the major membrane-deforming/stabilising functionality of the NPC is evolutionary stable, and hence likely mechanistically similar, across the eukaryotes, consistent with a comparatively invariable morphology.
