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Yang, Z., Fang, J., Chittuluru, J., Asturias, F. J. & Penczek, P. A. Iterative stable alignment and clustering of 2D transmission electron microscope images.
Here we describe an approach, iterative stable alignment and clustering (ISAC) that, relying on a new clustering method and on the concepts of stability and reproducibility, can extract validated, homogeneous subsets of images.
In our experiments we achieve stable alignment under wide angular head rotations of up to 80° with a maximum improvement of 26% compared to the 3D AAM using intensity image and 30% improvement over the state-of-the-art 3DMM methods in terms of 3D head pose estimation.
The post-operative X-ray shows good stable alignment spine with nice cage position, the kyphotic angle between T12 and L2 increased to 170° (Fig. 3).
Analysis of about 16000 particle images by the iterative stable alignment and clustering (ISAC) procedure yielded 185 classes (Supplementary Figure 2).
Two-dimensional (2D) projection averages were generated using reference-free multivariate statistical analysis methods in IMAGIC (van Heel et al., 1996) and with the Iterative Stable Alignment and Clustering routines implemented using the ISAC program (Yang et al., 2012).
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The epoxy groups can only find such stable alignments as a result of rapid hopping around, but this is not easy to reconcile with the high energy barriers to such hopping.
The all-fiber technology also provides stable, alignment-free systems that can be used in any environment.
Remarkably, the DIALIGN algorithm produces perfectly stable alignments and phylogenies for this new data set.
Using these new sequences, DIALIGN produced stable alignments whereas CLUSTAL W still produced unstable alignments, yet essentially stable phylogenies.
The monophyly of all the genera was very strongly supported (JK = 100%; BrS = 14-26) and entirely stable across alignment parameter space.
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