If needed, a minimal amount of cement will be used to stabilize the stem.
Additionally, there is a selective pressure to stabilize the stem-loop structure and some structural changes are tolerated [ 51], which may result in the evolution of robustness.
A U→C mutation that stabilized the stem-loop structure locked the mRNA in a non-translatable configuration, while a C→A mutation that destabilized the stem-loop structure permitted ShuA translation even at low temperatures.
U4 incorporation may be aided by Prp3 stabilizing the emerging stem II and by the cooperative binding of Snu13, Prp31 and Prp3 to U4/U6 di-snRNAs.
Prp3 could also support this step by stabilizing the emerging U4/U6 stem II via its stem II-binding peptide.
Together these reports provide compelling evidence that restoring the normal tau isoform balance in 4R tauopathies, perhaps by stabilizing the exon 10 stem loop and reducing 4R tau expression [26], could provide an effective treatment strategy for human tauopathies involving altered isoform ratios.
Secondary structure analysis of the potential K-turn motif formed between C-box and D-box1 of Snord115 suggested that G67 might stabilize the noncanonical stem of the K-turn by base pairing with the C12 nucleotide (fig. 2 D).
Conversely, for the mutants designed to have efficient splicing we aimed to stabilize the zipper stem found in the wildtype intron.
The fracture required a distaly stabilized stem (Wagner stem, Zimmer), the septic loosening received a two-step revision (antibiotic spacer followed by a primary Versys stem, Zimmer) and the two aseptic mobilizations were revised directly with a conventional primary implant (Platform, Smith&Newphew, Memphis, USA).
As shown in Figure 3, the construct used for ribosome display contained all necessary features: the T7 promoter at the DNA level, and the 5' and 3' stem-loops stabilizing the mRNA against ribonucleases at the RNA level as well as the Shine Dalgarno (SD) sequence for efficient in vitro translation.
