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The distribution of similarity scores is strongly correlated with their lengths, and the strength of stabilizing selection can be highly variable across loci.
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Stabilizing selection can explain why the function of some enhancers is conserved in related species while their sequences are not.
An intermediate level of stabilizing selection can promote rescue in trait landscape-based models with continual environmental change.
It is important to note that the outcome of natural selection can be conservative as well as directional, meaning that some forms (known as purifying selection or stabilizing selection) may prevent changes in certain traits.
Thus, selection can be a cause of either driven or passive trends, depending on whether it is directional or stabilizing.
Selection can be inferred from the genetic signature of different molecular markers; markers that have been under directional selection are expected to be more diverged than neutral markers and markers that have been subjected to stabilizing selection should be less diverged [ 44, 45].
Those traits under strong stabilizing selection may not be genetically canalized and the major source of selective pressure for canalization can result from the benefits gained by buffering the effects of environmental perturbations [ 4, 10].
A detailed discussion of the different types of selection is beyond the scope of this article, but it can be pointed out that the effect of "stabilizing selection" is to prevent directional change in populations.
Finally, in stabilizing selection there is selection against extreme trait values on both ends, which causes a decrease in variance around the average value and less diversity.
This results from the action of stabilizing selection, which is typical for the majority of protein-coding genes.
The phenotype at which such directional selection ceases (and only stabilizing selection remains) is the ESS.
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