Cyclic stability of charge discharge capacity and capacity variation as a function of C-rate was compared among the samples in Figure 5.
S@h-P exhibits a satisfactory cyclic stability of 88% capacity retention after 200 cycles, and it offers the excellent rate performance of 55% capacity preservation at the current density of 10 A g−1 compared to 0.1 A g−1.
Electrochemical results show that the unique flexible and porous composite owns the ability to deliver large area specific capacitance of 11.22 F cm−2 and good electrochemical stability of 4% capacity loss after 2000 cycles at high rates.
We tested the stability of different capacity mechanisms in the presence of uncertainty regarding the demand growth rate with a stochastic dynamic model.
All these features contribute to their great rate performance (163.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 126.5 mAh g−1 at 5 C) and outstanding cycling stability (95.3% of capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 C/5C).
As a result, the graphene/MnO architecture electrode exhibits ultra-high gravimetric/volumetric capacities (1000 mA h g−1/2288 mA h cm−3 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent rate performance (270 mA h g−1/618 mA h cm−3 at 8.0 A g−1), ultra-low volume expansion (18%) and outstanding cycling stability (118% of capacity retention after 300 cycles).
Apart from that, it also manifests a superior cycling stability with capacity of 258 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.05 A g−1 for SIBs.
The half cells based on Fe3O4/C nanotubes exhibit an unexpected cycling stability with capacity of 600 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles.
In particular, the 2 wt% WO3 coated sample (WO3-0.02 LLNMO) can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 252.2 mA h g-1 with a low irreversible capacity loss of 44.6 mA h g-1 and remarkable cycling stability of 97% capacity retention after 100 cycles at a current density of 52 mA g−1.
The stability of the electrochemical capacity of composites prepared by the two-step synthesis is dependent on the tin particle size: a stable capacity upon cycling was shown with subnanometer particles while a capacity fade was observed with larger nanoparticles.
Reversible specific capacities of 1359 and 715 mAh g−1 are achieved at rates of 0.1 and 1C, respectively, together with an excellent cycling stability of 0.07% capacity decay per cycle over 600 cycles at 0.5 C.
