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We find that the multiband spectrum in March 1996 is consistent with that calculated from a one-zone SSC model, except for the extremely 'flat' TeV spectrum.
Based on a COLV-induced experimental SSc model, in which overexpression of abnormal COLV was a prominent feature, we assumed that this abnormality could be present in SSc patients and could be correlated to disease duration, skin thickening and disease activity.
However, the performance difference between the best- and worst-fitting model was not large as measured by the proportion of daily mortality variation (i.e., deviance) explained: 27.9% for the SSC model and 24.7% for the deviation from maximum temperature model.
Blockage of the interactions between LFA-1 and ICAM-1 was found to significantly reduce the synthesis and secretion of autoantibodies and relieves cutaneous fibrosis in an experimental bleomycin-induced SSc model [ 14].
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Likewise, in a bleomycin-induced SSc mouse model, another animal model that shares many characteristics with human SSc, CD19 deficiency inhibited the development of skin and lung fibrosis, hyper-γ-globulinemia, and autoantibody production [ 9].
Finally, we investigated if bosentan increases the expression of Fli1 protein in lesional dermal fibroblasts of the BLM-induced SSc murine model because previous reports demonstrated that bosentan prevents the development of dermal fibrosis in this model [ 12].
Therefore, HSP47 was highly expressed in the skin tissues from BLM-induced SSc mouse model.
Meanwhile, mRNA level of Tgf-β was increased in the skin lesion of the SSc mice model (Fig. 3G).
The up-regulation of HSP47 was also observed in the BLM-induced SSc mouse model, and was correlated with the increased production of collagen, further confirming its role in the excessive production and deposition of collagen in SSc.
Collectively, these results suggest that bosentan prevents the development of dermal fibrosis in the BLM-induced SSc murine model, at least partially, by increasing the expression of Fli1 protein in lesional dermal fibroblasts.
Among the various experimental models aiming at reproducing the SSc (genetic models, such as tight skin (TSK) Tsk1 and Tsk2 mice, UCD-200 chicken, Fra-2 mice, TGFβRIIΔκ, or inducible models using injections of bleomycin or vinyl chloride or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mice), none displayed exactly the three components of scleroderma in humans [ 53].
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