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Exact(11)
Concordance between mothers and children's perceptions was analyzed using a weighted kappa statistic with squared weights [ 24].
We define the sum of element-by-element squared weights for the training matrices that fall into and Voronoi regions, as (14).
The extraction of PLS components operates under the same constraints as with PCA: (i) the sum of the squared weights
(7) WNC C i = ∑ j N w i, j 2 corresponding to the sum of squared weights.
The weights are calculated as the square root of (Nstudy/ Ntotal), and the squared weights sum to one.
Weights are proportional to the square root of the number of individuals examined in each sample, and selected such that the squared weights sum to 1.0.
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To test the optimal number of components we use the first squared weight vector and the sum of squared weight vectors from first 5 and 10 components.
Using two naive models of groundwater contamination, we compare nearest neighbor interpolation, inverse distance squared weighting, and kriging for estimating exposure based on a limited number of measurements.
No evidence for association with PMD was observed in these 1,024 women (MAF = 0.42, linear regression with 0,1, 2 coding for number of copies of allele A, β = -0.077 (SE = 0.083), P = 0.35, for association with the square root of PMD adjusted for age, age squared, weight, weight squared, height, height squared, parity, and menopausal status).
In equations, eGFR was expressed in milliliters per min per 1.73 meters squared, weight in kilograms, cystatin C in milligrams per liter, serum creatinine in milligrams per deciliter, and age in years.
A weighted Cohen's kappa statistic indicating level of agreement was also generated (using a squared weighting system equivalent to 1 - { i- j)/ k-1)}, where i and j refer to the row and column index, and k is the maximum number of possible ratings).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com