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The set of exogenous individual and household characteristics (X_{ij}) includes age and age squared, proportion of adult males in the household, household size, whether the woman is in a relationship, whether the household is in a rural area, and woman's level of education.
Following the strategy of Liefbroer and Dourleijn (2006), I included (1) the proportion of those cohabiting at first birth interacted with those who were continuously cohabiting (also married after cohabiting at first birth) and (2) the squared proportion of those cohabiting at first birth interacted with those who were continuously cohabiting (also married but previously cohabited).
The effective number of genotypic classes for each marker was calculated as Ge = 1 / ∑ p j 2 where pj is the squared proportion of the jth genotypic class.
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It is known from his notebooks that Newton was grappling in the late 1660s with the idea that terrestrial gravity extends, in an inverse-square proportion, to the Moon; however it took him two decades to develop the full-fledged theory.
The sample size is based on a power of 80%, a level of significance of 5%, multiple regression analysis with 3 predictor variables and a R-square (proportion of variation explained) of 30% [ 48].
This is dictated by the "genome scaling laws," observations which showed that the number of metabolic genes grows linearly and the number of regulatory genes grows in a square proportion to the genome size (Van Nimwegen 2003; Molina and van Nimwegen 2009; Koonin 2011).
McNemar's test was used to compare the mental status and swelling on Day 1 with the same findings on Day 2. The chi-square proportion test was used to evaluate the differences of the distribution of clinical parameters (mental status, appetite, arrhythmia, vomiting, and diarrhea) between the PRED and PLACEBO groups.
If the rectangular form is given and it is not close to a square, proportion it with a ruler, and make adjustments accordingly.
However, as with most breeds, form follows function: terriers that work underground have shorter legs, while terriers bred to work aboveground have squarer proportions.
All the usual Rymanesque quirks are in force: the shifting sizes but constant (square) proportions; the varying stretcher thicknesses and distances from the wall; the constant emphasis on the edges and the sides of the surfaces (two different things), which makes you consider the paintings from all angles -- in other words, as objects.
Student's t-test (continuous measures) or chi square (proportions) were used to compare resource utilization and outcomes between hospitals.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com