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The root mean square of difference of consecutive interbeat intervals.
In reservoir history matching, the objective function (Q) is minimized which is the square of difference between the field historic production data and simulator response.
Initially, with the assumed values of pipe roughness coefficients, the summation of the sum of square of difference between the measured and simulated pressure head values were obtained as 34.24 (row 1, Table 4).
The pipe roughness coefficients were adjusted to match the model values with field values of pressures at observation nodes by minimizing the sum of square of difference between them.
The pipe roughness values are then reduced by a unit and again the summation of the sum of square of difference between the measured and simulated pressure head values obtained.
The model is calibrated by adjusting the NRW demand uniformly and the pipe roughness coefficients for the group of pipes by the same amount to minimize the summation of the sum of square of difference between the measured and simulated values of the pressure head at the observation points (Greco and Del Guidice 1999; Greco and Di Cristo 1999).
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Because d β B is not expressed as the summed square of differences, here the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm cannot be directly applied.
The Rs value was calculated according to the following formula: R S = 1 - 6 Σ d 2 n 3 - n where: d2 - square of differences between ranks and n - number of cases.
Resting heart rate, heart rate variability (standard deviation of the normal to normal R-R intervals and the root mean square of differences of successive R-R intervals), resting blood pressure, RPE, (0 10 Borg Scale) and fatigue levels will be recorded prior to, and after, each exercise session.
HRV parameters were derived from electrocardiography monitoring using Kubios HRV premium (standard deviation of all normal RR intervals [SDNN], root-mean-square of difference of successive RR intervals [rMSSD], and RR triangular index) and frequency domain (power within low-frequency band [LF], and power within high-frequency band [HF]).
To compare Model III with Model IV, the models were first run without bootstrapping to obtain chi-square statistics for a chi-square of difference test for models using the WLSMV estimator (DIFFTEST option in MPlus).
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