When the sputum of someone with pneumonia is stained and examined under a microscope, the germs put on a mesmerizing perp walk.
Notably, increased miR-29a expression was detected in sputum of TB patients.
Finally, detection of bacteria in sputum of confirmed tuberculosis patients has been demonstrated.
Two differentially expressed candidates, i.e. miR-29a and miR-93*, were also assessed in sputum of the same patients.
Methyl mycocerosates are generated from the transesterification of phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs), extracted in petroleum ether from sputum of tuberculosis suspect patients.
Recently, ILC2s were found in the bronchoalvoelar lavage (BAL) and sputum of patients with asthma, and the proportion of IL-5+IL-13+ ILC2s in the sputum of patients with severe asthma was higher than that in corresponding samples from patients with mild asthma (Smith et al., 2016).
Figure 2 Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of expression levels of the two miRNAs (miR-31 and miR-210) in sputum of 39 patients diagnosed with stage I NSCLC and 42 cancer-free individuals.
As shown in Figure 1, miR-31 and miR-210 exhibited higher expression levels in sputum of stage I lung cancer patients compared to cancer-free subjects (8.990 vs. 4.514; 0.6847 vs. 0.3317, respectively; all P <0.001).
Gene analysis performed on the sputum of 49 NSCLC patients, 49 patients with COPD, and 49 healthy smokers, identified 15 genes with significant differences in copy number in patients with NSCLC compared to controls.
Figure 1 The expression levels of two miRNAs, miRs-31 and 210, were assessed in sputum of 39 stage I NSCLC patients and 42 cancer-free individuals using qRT-PCR.
P. aeruginosa was cultured from the sputum of all CF participants, yet Pseudomonas phage were not abundant in the metagenomes.
