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Research continues to seek proof of the benefit of screening as new techniques are developed, including low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT), autofluorescence bronchoscopy, and advanced techniques of sputum analysis.
Patients for pulmonary tuberculosis enrolled under the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) program were followed-up for six months and were monitored by sputum analysis, body weight and ELISA-based serum resistin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months, along with close family contacts of TB patients and healthy controls.
This robust method allows the identification of TB-positive patients after 2 h of sample preparation in the case of direct sputum analysis or 10 days of culturing, both of which are followed by 1 min of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis.
Those able to produce sputum underwent sputum analysis.
Those with tuberculin test conversion had an ELISPOT, chest X-ray and sputum analysis if appropriate.
At discharge, we asked patients to return in two months for a follow-up clinical examination and repeat sputum analysis.
Any patients with symptoms of pulmonary disease received a chest X-ray and sputum analysis for AFB smear analysis and culture.
Participants who were identified as TB suspects were further investigated for TB and HIV using sputum analysis and rapid HIV testing.
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Use of serological tests in India resulted in more DALYs (years of healthy life lost to premature death and illness), more secondary infections and more false-positive diagnoses of TB, compared to the use of microscopic sputum smear analysis or culture.
Upon arrival to the referral penitentiary hospital, suspected cases were screened through sputum smear analysis, culture and fluoroscopy.
Sputum smear analysis, culture and DST were routinely done in the local laboratory; subcultures were sent, with the permission of the local health authorities, to the Mycobacteriology laboratory in Antwerp for DST quality control and additional Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) testing.
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