Obviously, the opposite is true for prediction of a spurious insufficient status.
The D.S.C.C. dismissed the organizations' claims of 501(c)(4) status as "spurious" and "risible on their face".
As study participants were all assisted by the National Health Service, a potentially spurious association between socioeconomic status and propensity toward participation in clinical research can be safely ruled out.
These individuals may be less likely to die from any cause or be admitted to hospital, thus inducing a spurious relationship between vaccination status and the outcome (ie, positive confounding).
Because the growth rate of per capita GDP is always equal to a weighted average of the growth rates of agricultural, industrial and other sectors GDP per capita, regression of the growth rate of per capita GDP on initial nutritional status is spurious given the high correlation between agricultural GDP per capita and the two measures of nutritional status (sufficient food and easy access to food).
43 So even if reverse causation seems improbable in our study because of mid-life baseline measurements and a long follow-up period, and even with adjustment for several relevant mid-life variables, it could always be argued that some other unknown factor produced a spurious relation between marital status and impairment later in life.
A well-known concern regarding matched CPS data is the likelihood of spurious transitions in labor force status arising from inconsistent or error-ridden survey responses rather than meaningful changes (Abowd and Zellner 1985; Poterba and Summers 1986 , 1995.
This method of parental HIV/AIDS status assessment is spurious because just like many other African societies, in Ghana people are not open about HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS testing is very low in Ghana; hence there was the possibility that some of the families classified as comparison group were in fact HIV/AIDS sufferers.
There was also a New Testament Apocrypha, but it did not achieve canonical status because of numerous spurious details.
Consequently, the endogeneity of the tax status may produce a spurious correlation between the leverage ratio and the marginal tax rate, making it difficult, if not virtually impossible, to draw causal inferences.
However, a simple aggregate score for investigating change has a number of potential problems as noted by Bereiter (1963) such as: paradoxical reliability of change scores; spurious negative correlation of change with initial status; and inconsistent scale units for change.
