The archives are full of copies of spurious images, and a full-length portrait identified as Jane hung in the Gallery for thirty years, until 1996, when the red-haired sitter, who also resembled the Spinola description, was re-identified as Catherine Parr, after the necklace in the painting was found in the list of her jewels in the Tudor inventory.
For example, the algorithm might find a spurious solution with compensatory copy-number state changes across subclones, which is very unlikely on biological grounds but might serve to opportunistically maximize the total log likelihood.
Allelic dropout can generate both spurious homozygotes, when one allelic copy drops out at a heterozygous locus, and missing data, when both copies drop out at either homozygous or heterozygous loci.
We did not test for CO for pairs of genes from the same chromosome to avoid spurious associations due to arm level copy number gain or loss.
Manual curation and referencing against the recently released genome v2.0 were conducted to exclude loci lacking a conserved motif (HXXXD or DFGWG), loci that represented redundant, possibly allelic copies, and loci resembling spurious gene models (see Methods).
This produces β-value changes and spurious correlations of the β-value to copy number and, consequently, to gene expression, as there is a general correlation between gene copy number and gene expression.
Unlike other types of genotyping error, unidentified copy number variants (CNVs) could produce spurious TDT signals that span multiple SNPs; however, there are a number of lines of evidence against CNVs underlying our strongest signals.
In some cases, there could be misconceptions surrounding assay validation and/or data interpretation, and if this is coupled with a lack of transparency regarding the distribution of raw unrounded copy number measurements, it may lead to spurious results that are difficult to explain.
The recent report by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium [ 2] discusses in detail the potential artefactual influences on copy number determination and demonstrates the potential for reporting spurious associations with CNVs, especially multiallelic regions.
The Bamboo Annals contain one of the few written records of the earliest period in Chinese history, but the originals have been lost, and the later copies that survive have been proved to contain much spurious information.
