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The pool spreading and vaporization behavior are validated using empirical models, which involved determination of pool spreading parameters and vaporization rates with respect to time.
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The spreading parameter S related to interfacial tension can be defined by S = γ sv - γ sl - γ lv (1).
Complementary parameters like spreading parameter and polarity fraction were calculated to enhance the wetting evaluation of these ionic liquids.
The results show that the directional spreading parameter has a significant effect on the interaction of multidirectional irregular waves with cylinder.
For relatively large waves, the probability density function of the directional spreading parameter at peak frequency is also expressed as a lognormal distribution.
Temporal variation of non-dimensional spreading parameter exhibited a self-similar behaviour wherein all data collapsed on a single power law profile.
However, when the directional spreading parameter S is larger than around 40, the effects of the wave directional spreading on the wave transformation can be neglected in engineering applications.
However, the most striking result suggests that the spreading parameter correlates very linearly with the surface energy for all the materials and liquids studied, in both the adhesion-wetting and spreading-wetting regimes.
The spreading parameter SP – in contrast to the contact angle – was found to be a reliable and relevant parameter for describing the wetting of oils with selected engineering materials.
Flow measurements demonstrate that the jet spreading parameter λ = (Uj − Uf)/(Uj + Uf) scales the thickness of the outer shear layer and the passage frequencies of the large turbulence scales.
The relationship between significant wave height and period, the variability of significant wave period, the spectral peak enhancement factor, and the directional spreading parameter of large deepwater waves around the Korean Peninsula have been investigated using various sources of wave measurement and hindcasting data.
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