The ZRM was combined with the Langmuir model and the spreading model for analyzing the binding data.
The most general form of the spreading model for two orientations of the molecules is given by Equations (6)– (8).
Etzel and coworkers have successfully applied the spreading model for describing the asymmetric breakthrough behavior of protein loading on membrane surfaces (Yang and Etzel, 2003).
A normalized basic sequence generates a spreading model if for some, for all, and, (2.22).
Among other things, it is shown that the space C is universal for all spreading models, i.e., it admits all spreading sequences, both conditional and unconditional, as spreading models.
We can find numerous ABMs for the Lotka Volterra equations [3, 4, 5], for the epidemic spreading model [6, 7] and for the opinion dynamics models [8, 9, 10].
Findings of the study indicated that incorporating network structures among the swine farms had a considerable impact on the spread of PRRS virus, highlighting the importance of understanding and incorporating realistic contact structures when developing infectious disease spread models for similar populations.
Some empirical observations have validated studied spread models, for example, Romero et al. observe a threshold-like complex contagion effect in spread of political hashtags on Twitter [11].
However, spread models for species that already exist in Europe have shown that grid-based models can predict spread rates similar to the realized rate (Pukkala et al. [2014]).
