The chaff gradually spreads in space after its release and is a diffusive radar target.
Correspondingly, two-letter rotamers are more spread in space than single-letter rotamers (Fig. 2a, b).
The location of the threshold suggests that the introduced genes are expected to spread in space, at least locally.
The angle spread refers to the spread of angles of arrival of multipaths at the antenna array, and the signal is spread in space.
Moreover, joint beamforming technique can reduce the transmission power further due to improved SINR from lower signal energy spread in space.
However, for the excited states, the wave functions are spread in space and the Rashba effects can affect the excited states for the wide QWs.
In fact, it has been shown that the estimation methods that exploit the non-Gaussian signals have some inherent advantages over second-order method, such as (1) the ability to reconstruct the phase of non-minimum phase systems, (2) the array aperture is spread in space domain, and (3) the ability to separate non-Gaussian signals form Gaussian additive noise [2].
However, when populations are spread in space and individuals can only interact with their neighbours, cooperation may become evolutionary viable, as beautifully illustrated by Nowak and May back in 1992 [7], making use of a simplified version of the PD.
Undoubtedly, collaboration between basic experimental research and phylogenetic fields will help understand the dynamics of ISAV spread in space and time as it has proven fruitful in human health and emerging infectious diseases studies.
More complicated spatial structure is relevant to the evolution of viral populations such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which spread in space via human transportation networks (Hufnagel et al. 2004; Eggo et al. 2011).
