The problem can be avoided when composition spread samples are used instead of isolated cells.
Simulating fire spread sampling parameters from the approximated joint posterior distribution resulted in individual fires roughly similar to the ones used for model fitting.
In particular, we find that for epidemics characterised by high population growth rates it is most effective to spread sampling resources evenly in time.
Figure 1 shows the differences between the means for the 3-h stored samples and the immediate spread samples.
We explored the parameter space using uniform distributions to work with spread samples of parameter values and to infer results that were not influenced by those reported in [ 28].
This protocol was intended to spread sampling effort evenly over a relatively large time and distance, so as not to place very high levels of mortality on the study population.
This is supported by Grafström and Ringvall (2013) who reported, when examining several sampling designs, that well-spread samples not only improved model fitting but also design-based estimation.
The initial number of colony forming units (cfu) for each experiment was determined by spreading samples from serial dilutions on KMB.
Subsequent studies would benefit by spreading sampling along elevational gradients on the major habitat types to capture the existing variation more efficiently.
In addition, there has been wide-spread sampling of Atlantic salmon scales and/or otholiths for age determination and population monitoring purposes [ 12].
