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end{cases} (9) Then, to balance the spread of the points from the two classes in the embedding, we set the scaling parameters (alpha_{x}=1/n), (alpha _{y}=1/m), and (alpha_{xy}=1).
This metric is used for estimating the uniformity of the spread of the points in the final Pareto solution frontier found by each algorithm and is calculated by: S = Σ i = 1 N − 1 d i − d ¯ ( N − 1 ) d ¯ Open image in new window (35).
With regard to effectiveness, the location and spread of the points indicate a high degree of uncertainty in the existence and extent of the reduction in benefit in FIR comparing PRP to SOC at follow-up.
However, the spread of the points in the vertical plane indicates that there is some uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the cost-savings (-$1,100 to -$11,006).
Furthermore, the accuracy is generally much higher, even in the method with the lower accuracy (note the value ranges in the axes, which have been optimized for maximum spread of the points within each graph for greater visibility).
With regard to effectiveness, the location and spread of the points indicate that there is uncertainty regarding the existence and extent of a survival benefit associated with rate-control compared to rhythm-control (from -0.1 years to 0.24 years).
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The first principal component (axis rotated by 49.6 degrees, labeled PC1) captures the greatest possible spread of the point cloud.
The major axis is the direction of maximum spread of the point events, and the minor axis is the direction of minimum spread.
Addition of the pseudo-absence locations has proven effective — the adjusted R-square increased from 0.71 to 0.80 for root vole (562 records), and from 0.69 to 0.83 for white-tailed eagle (135 records) respectively; pseudo-absences improve spreading of the points in feature space and ensure consistent mapping over the whole area of interest.
The right hand plot normalizes the scales for each set of measurements to spread out the points.
Random sampling does not guarantee an equal spread of the generated points neither on the surface nor in the volume of the scanned model, and can sample points very close to each other.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com