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These high values of k and c (k ≥ 2 and c ≥ 2) indicate a data spread in a perfectly normal distribution [29], and also show that the data spread exhibits good uniformity with relatively small scatter [47].
Compared to the wild-type S. typhimurium strain I77 in both SIV-infected and SIV-uninfected nonhuman primate hosts, this live-attenuated vaccine shows reduced shedding and systemic spread, exhibits limited pathological disease manifestations in the digestive tract, and induces low levels of cellular infiltration in tissues.
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The characterization of these outgroup gastropod taxa would allow the determination of the timing of the colonization and diversification of this group in Lake Tanganyika and would help to clarify whether the pattern of freshwater colonization and spread exhibited by pellonuline herring is relevant for other taxonomic groups.
Of particular note, ~50% of all spreads evaluated from L-540 (55.4%) and HDLM-2 (49.3%) exhibited PCGs, which is ~160-fold greater than the control in which only a single chromosome within a single spread exhibited a mild PCG phenotype.
Interestingly, all five HL cell lines harbored mitotic spreads within each of the three aberrant cohesion categories (Table 2), while only one chromosome from a single spread exhibited a mild cohesion defect (i.e. PCGI) representing a baseline frequency of ~7.2x10-5 cohesion defects/chromosome (1/[300 spreads × 46 chromosomes]).
Anything that spreads exhibits a growth phenomenon.
The data set has 300 data points, and contains subsets with price spreads exhibiting distinct non-Gaussian spikes and possessing multi-regime behaviour; see Fig. 4. Fig. 4 Spikes in the log of price spreads.
The initial study of centromere coupling reported that in chromosome spreads exhibiting centromere coupling, Zip1 foci and kinetochore pairs occur in approximately equal numbers (about sixteen) and exhibit a high level of co-localization [8].
Because we had observed that each phase of spreading exhibited a distinct, roughly Gaussian velocity distribution (Fig. 2), we hypothesized that each component of the mixture model would represent a particular underlying motility module-quiescence, bleb protrusion, bleb retraction, or continuous extension - and μ, σ, and π characterized the edge kinematics of each mechanism.
Chromosome spreads exhibiting PCGs were further classified into one of three categories based on the severity and frequency of the PCGs within a given mitotic spread.
In addition, the abnormal KO spreads exhibited far higher levels and more severe types of chromosomal aberrations than did the WTs.
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