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In order to spread and form new tumors, cancer cells "need to circulate through narrow blood capillaries and then ooze between other cells into normal tissue," says Dennis Discher, professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the University of Pennsylvania.
When he injected chromosomally unstable tumor cells into mice, he indeed found that they were many times more likely to spread and form new tumors than tumor cells in which chromosomal instability was suppressed.
Atomic force microscopy of substrate deposited particles shows that particles spread and form hill like structures upon impact with the substrate surface, indicating that the particles are liquid-like at the time of impact.
Such interdependency of related but differently adapted cells raises the possibility of additional strategies to fight the cancer, such as attacking the weakest cell line needed to support the tumor or increasing the interdependencies of different cell lines, making it harder for them to spread and form remote tumors.
Model developed in this study simulates a subpopulation of agents interacting with one another to spread and form their opinion.
When a solution is brought into contact with a substrate of high surface energy, the solution will spread and form a thin film.
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Primary calvarial cells attached, spread and formed multiple layers on the surface of the scaffolds.
When another CNT was placed on the vertically aligned surface, nickel clusters spread and formed a smooth surface, as in the case of a VA-SWCNT film; however, gold clusters could not spread but formed a grain-like structure.
During the course of primate evolution, Alu elements have spread and formed several distinct subfamilies on the basis of different rates of amplification.
The data collected from 2,500 10km x 10km areas aimed to identify how far the disease has spread, and formed the basis of discussions on what steps need to be taken to deal with the dieback outbreak.
In response to CD137 ligand signaling the cells attached to the plates, spread and formed lamellipodia (Figure 1A), similar to what has been shown for human monocytes [7].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com