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The adjusted odds ratios show that living in a sprayed house offers some protection (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 1.01) compared to those living in unsprayed houses in Equatorial Guinea.
Depending on the type of insecticides used, IRS is also found to protect inhabitants against mosquito bites by diverting the vector from entering a sprayed house, an effect known as excito-repellency.
In Equatorial Guinea community protection was provided only when ≥80% spray coverage was achieved, but there was an additional protective effect provided by living in a sprayed house compared to living in an unsprayed one, regardless of the level of neighbourhood spray coverage.
Protection provided due to living in a community with high IRS coverage (the community IRS effect) was greater than protection offered by living in a sprayed house (the individual IRS effect) (Tables 4 and 5).
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sprayed houses with DDT.
Six pilot sites were selected in four endemic departments, Ocotepeque, Copán, Lempira and Intibucá, in western Honduras in 2008, where the Honduran Ministry of Health had extensively sprayed houses and reduced vector infestation during 2004 2007 [ 19].
van den Berg reported on high levels of human exposure to DDT among those living in sprayed houses but presented no evidence of actual human harm arising from that exposure.
However, after DDT was replaced by pyrethroids in 1996, resistance to the latter insecticides developed rapidly, and there was a dramatic increase in malaria transmission in Kwazulu/Natal Province, accompanied by the finding of An. funestus resting inside insecticide sprayed houses [ 2].
But very little DDT is needed to spray houses twice a year.
But the author relegates to an endnote the fact that in December 2000 the United Nations approved limited use of the chemical, and that the Malaria Foundation International advises that "spraying houses with DDT is still one of the most effective and affordable methods of malaria control".
In each district there was a health inspector who coordinated campaigns to combat malaria, for example spraying houses with insecticides every year.
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