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This paper introduces four new measures of urban sprawl: degree of urban dispersion (DIS), total sprawl (TS), degree of urban permeation of the landscape (UP), and sprawl per capita (SPC).
The analysis shows that urban growth tend to double in size every 12 years with high magnitude of region-wise sprawl as shown by Shannon's entropy and such sprawl degree is largely influenced by the existing trunk roads.
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The results indicated that the spatial contiguity of urban development, regardless of its density or degree of sprawl, was a critical factor that influenced the magnitude of the urban heat island effect.
They assessed the degree of sprawl in each county and then looked at some key health characteristics.
I'll say this to fans: if you missed or sat out Gibson in his latest Blue Ant trilogy, this is the Gibson of the Bridge Trilogy and, to some degree, the Sprawl Trilogy.
Every meaningful method to measure the degree of urban sprawl needs to be based on a clear definition of "urban sprawl" disentangling causes and consequences of urban sprawl from the phenomenon of urban sprawl itself, as urban sprawl has differing causes and consequences in different regions and regulatory contexts.
The ineffective plan of land development has left a high degree of urban sprawl in 40% of island, where cities and towns appear typically surrounded by sprawl.
Measuring the degree of urban sprawl largely depends on the local context and available data.
On the Island of Montreal, the degree of urban sprawl (WUP) increased 26-fold from 0.49 UPU/m2 in 1971 to 12.74 UPU/m2 in 2011, while in Quebec City it increased 9-fold from 2.41 UPU/m2 to 21.02 UPU/m2 from 1971 to 2011.
Unlike a novel, which can accommodate sprawl, a play demands a greater degree of storytelling economy.
So, in economies such as Gothic where there are low opportunity costs, we would expect high degrees of overexploitation and sprawl in resource extraction sites.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com