As a counter defense to immune recognition, all members of Pneumocystis spp. surveyed to date contain a multigene family capable of encoding perhaps hundreds of isotypes of their major surface antigens, the Major Surface Glycoproteins (MSG) [75].
This review encompasses the progress made in the genetic engineering of Geobacillus spp. and surveys the vectors and transformation methods that are available for this genus.
While Copia-, Gypsy- and Tc1/mariner-like transposons were prominent, a large variation in presence of the other types of mobile elements was detected in the other Verticillium spp. strains surveyed.
EF-1α transcripts in the Pythium spp. were surveyed by the hemi-nested RT-PCR, in which the combination of PytEF1aFA and PytEF1aR, and that of PytEF1aFB and PytEF1aR were used for the first and second reactions, respectively.
Six communities in Hobukesar County, northwest Xinjiang were assessed in relation to the impact of this control programme through dog necropsies, dog Echinococcus spp. coproantigen surveys based on Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) and dog owner questionnaires.
For example, of the 27 recent national malaria indicator surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa since 2006, RDTs were used in 19 surveys, and in 3 of these surveys Plasmodium spp. infection prevalence was estimated on the basis of RDTs alone.
Although sequence analysis of the ompA gene fragment is not sufficient to identify the agent (22 ), it is commonly used to recognize tick-borne Rickettsia spp. in field surveys (23 ).
We surveyed Plasmodium spp. diversity in wild chimpanzees living in an undisturbed tropical rainforest habitat and found 5 species: P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. reichenowi, and P. gaboni.
Native Haminoea spp. should be surveyed for parasites to assess whether host switching may be involved, and H. japonica snails should be surveyed in their native range and in Washington State to determine whether trans-Pacific schistosome colonization events have occurred and by what mechanisms.
A further isolate of the same subspecies, Sev-23, was obtained during a later survey from Ixodes spp. ticks in South East Austria in 1990 (D. Guryčová, unpublished).
In this study, we applied a BLASTp-plus-phylogeny reconstruction approach to survey the Aspergillus spp. genomes for homologs of characterized programmed cell death proteins from fungi and animals.
