The selection of spots for further validation was based on the least number of spots still maintaining a good predictive power as well as stability over bootstrap validation rounds; spots selected in at least 80% of the 500 bootstrap rounds were considered.
What will validation validate?
The final set of spots was selected based on stability over bootstrap validation rounds (spots selected in at least 80% of bootstrap rounds were chosen for further evaluation and identification).
Routine validation and spot checks were conducted on at least 10% of questionnaires to ensure quality.
Recombinant inbred lines generated from a tetraploid population { A. hypogaea × (A. ipaënsis × A. duranensis)4×} are being phenotyped for resistance/susceptibility to late leaf spot, aiming at the validation of the results obtained here.
For microbiological testing, active and passive air samples using settle plates and surface samples using contact plates were taken from spots specified in the validation plan.
Differential expression tests were performed for the factors (supplementary Table S1 [ 21]; e.g. spot-pins, experimenters, and validation experiments), but no genes meeting the criteria were observed.
Control probes from the Spot Report Alien Oligo Array Validation System (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) were printed 48 times each across the array.
However, it is plausible to assume that the sensitivity of surveillance may decay unless intense supervision complemented by spot checks, refresher training and validation exercises are carried out; furthermore, communities that do not see a clear benefit for ongoing data collection may reduce their participation and increasingly under-report deaths.
In the first validation experiment 4 spots from 8 different patient blood samples were stained by IHC for AR expression and presented blindly to two different operators to both enumerate the CTC and score the staining intensity of each cell.
Data quality was ensured through spot check, re-check, and data validation procedures, including accuracy and completeness of data obtained.
