The IOC followed by FIFA and 15 other international sports associations banned their Kuwaiti members on the grounds that the law compromised the autonomy of sport.
Beyond the fact that athletes are more physically active than nonathletes and the equally obvious fact that athletes drawn to individual sports score higher on "autonomy" and "independence" than athletes devoted to team sports, there was little consensus on "the athletic personality".
The autonomy of sport must be guaranteed".
"We have to pay attention to our statutes, and the Olympic charter, and even in the resolutions of the United Nations, it is written: the autonomy of sport must be guaranteed.
Thomas Bach, the head of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), appealed for the autonomy of sport to be protected and strengthened.
"For me this is not anti-Dwain Chambers … I do believe this is actually about the autonomy of sporting organisations to make judgments and bylaws that they think are in the best interest of their sports," Coe told reporters in Istanbul.
"The ISSF experienced already during Sheikh Salman's campaign to become ISSF President in 2014 that he showed little sensitivity for a democratic process, the autonomy of sports and ethical behaviour within an election process," the group said in a statement.
In 2002, he partnered with industry figures to create a rival organization, the Ticket to Ride World Snowboard Tour, in an attempt to gain autonomy for a sport that, according to some, has often been treated as a ward of skiing.
On the surface, the scrapping of the compulsory 'box ticking' two hours of PE per week could be considered as a positive move: giving school leaders and and PE teachers local autonomy over their sporting curriculum.
Thus, in sports, baseball is biased toward autonomy, football toward control, and basketball toward cooperation.
