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Serpula species produce annual, brownish, and resupinate fruitbodies (flat structures adhered to a woody or soil substrate with a morphological cariable sexual spore-producing surface; in the case of Serupla this spore producing surface is wrinkled or merulioid) [ 38, 39].
Infection of a plant takes place when the spores of a pathogenic fungus fall on the leaves or the stem of a susceptible host and germinate, each spore producing a germ tube.
Myxozoans are highly diverse spore producing parasites that share a close phylogenetic relationship with cnidarians (Chang 2013).
Verticillium morphology includes a characteristic verticilliate arrangement of the three to five asexual spore producing cells (phialides) forming branches at each node of the conidiophores (Kim et al. 2001).
Because urediniospores readily re-infect oats and generation times are rapid (10 14 days), reproductive rate at this spore producing stage is a critical factor in the large epidemics caused by this and many other rust fungi.
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This layer is largely composed of basidia (spore-producing cells) mixed with paraphyses (non-spore producing elements interspersed between basidia).
The minute reddish dots are spore-producing structures.
When introduced into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the septin AspC from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans induced highly elongated atypical pseudohyphae and spore-producing structures similar to those of hyphal fungi.
We tested eight multidrug-resistant bacteria strains representative of those that cause nosocomial infections and outbreaks worldwide, a spore-producing, toxin-producing strain of Clostridium difficile, and two fungi.
The spore-producing cells, the asci, are roughly cylindrical, eight-spored, operculate (opening by an apical lid to discharge the spores) and have dimensions of 200 350 by 12 17 |µm.
Such spore-producing plants have been using this strategy for a very long time.
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