The amount of spores generated and the ability of the spores to germinate were measured according to a method described previously [38] with minor modifications.
Initial experiments—using B. megaterium F-spores constructed with diacetylfluorescein indicated that F-spores generate intense green fluorescence during germination (Fig. 2).
These results indicate that ddTpp1 affects the number of spores generated during development, but not spore viability.
Contact with water that contains spores generated in insect hosts is thought to be the most likely mechanism (6, 33 ).
Recombinant fraction R counts the number of recombinant spores relative to all spores generated by meiosis and can be used as a measure of recombination among genomic loci.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02630.023 There were two possibilities to explain the higher recovery of aneuploid or diploid spores generated by Sk/Sp hybrids.
Considering these alterations, the expected ploidy distribution of spores generated by triploid PMCs varies according to the values presented in Table 2.
In addition, a recent report demonstrated that spores generated by aging diploid cells had the same replicative potential as those from young cells (Unal et al., 2011).
Strikingly, in female spores generated by a triploid meiosis, CENH3-GFP-mediated centromere quantification did not show the expected Gaussian distribution as observed in male meiosis, but instead exhibited a significant shift to a lower number of centromeric signals (e.g., 6 7 dots).
Mushroom breeding has been so far an applied science and new varieties have been generated mainly modifying existing varieties by selecting fertile single spore cultures or by generating multi spore cultures.
Spore germination generates a ball-shaped germ cell (Wendland and Walther, 2005) (Supplementary Fig. 2D).
