The defects of dfp1-r35 in meiosis are far more severe than those observed in rec12Δ cells, including substantially reduced spore viability and disruptions of segregation, indicating it plays roles beyond induction of programmed double strand breaks.
Using electron microscopy, it was observed that the exosporium fragments were successfully extracted (Fig. 3A), and there was no obvious disruption to the spores after sonication (Fig. 3B).
The loss of viability as well as the disruption in segregation and spore formation suggests that Dfp1 contributes to additional activities, independent of Rec12-driven prDSBs.
We germinated spores derived after introducing a tlc1Δ disruption into a diploid strain containing heterozygous deletions of CDC13, NMD2, RAD24, or EXO1.
cbpA and cbpB mutants, generated by gene disruption, showed normal growth, development and spore germination.
In the same rock layer, Dr. Olsen and his colleagues found a high concentration of fern spores -- considered an indicator of a major disruption in the environment.
To examine whether these disruptions alter the permeability of the spore wall, Spr1-GFP was introduced into a gas2 gastrainain.
With the disruption modules A. gossypii ATCC 10895 spores were transformed by electroporation as previously described [ 25].
Spores were checked under the microscope for tetrad disruption and to approximate cell numbers prior to spreading 10 10 cells on control and selection plates.
