Email forgery or "spoofing" involves changing the sender address to make it appear as though an email originated from a different source.
The scam, known as "number spoofing", involves fraudsters cloning the telephone number of an organisation they want to impersonate and then making it appear on the victim's caller ID display when they telephone them.
In its simplest form, spoofing involves putting in a lot of fake offers to buy or sell, in the hope of creating the impression of buying or selling pressure in the market.
TCP spoofing involves intercepting a TCP segment being returned from a legitimate destination to a legitimate source.
Spoofing involves forging packets of data so that they look as if they come from legitimate sources.
Spoofing involves sending spam messages that appear to come from an email user but don't in fact originate from that user or their email provider.
The future work involves the enhancement of this model in terms of security via a partial network topology to detect attacks like spoofing attack, invalid MPR attack, disruption attack, and hop limit attack.
Her sister, Heather Bruce, described recent months as "the most stressful period of my life," and her father, Chuck Heath, said he felt pure outrage when he saw spoofs involving his grandchildren.
That ho-hum feeling sets in during James Duffy's "Robin's Big Speed Date," a tiresome superhero spoof involving Batman, Robin, Supergirl and Superman impersonators playing mind games at a speed-dating party.
"Hostilities in outer space seem likely to involve the direct attack of space assets such as satellites using kinetic or cyber weapons, electronic attack in the form of jamming or spoofing, laser blinding, and electromagnetic pulse attack," Boothby comments.
