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The thermodynamic results showed the negative value of the standard free energy ((Delta G^{0})) and standard enthalpy change ((Delta H^{0})) showing an exothermic and spontaneous system.
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Latvakoski et al. proposed a communication architecture for spontaneous systems in [4] which integrates application-level spontaneous group communication and ad hoc networking together.
Latvakoski et al. [6] proposed a communication architecture for spontaneous systems which integrates application-level spontaneous group communication and ad-hoc networking altogether.
Active surveillances play supportive roles to spontaneous systems and do not aim to replace them.
Postapproval safety monitoring in the USA uses two signal detection systems: spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) and active surveillance (AS) systems.
This along with its "Yellow Card" scheme, a spontaneous reporting system, allows it to conduct a comprehensive review of selected healthcare products [ 19].
The organization responsible for the management of the spontaneous reporting system for ADRs in the Netherlands is the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, on behalf of the Medicines Evaluation Board.
With respect to ADRs, a variety of monitoring systems have been developed, the oldest and most common one being the spontaneous reporting system [ 12].
The outstanding challenge in introducing a mammography screening program in a country where a spontaneous screening system was conducted for some time is whether to make a smooth transition to an organised system or to completely redesign the existing screening system as was done, for example, in Germany [ 14].
The objective of the study was to evaluate and summarize reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a spontaneous reporting system, in pregnant women who received influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine to assess for potential vaccine safety problems.
Most of them (89.6%) came from spontaneous reporting system.
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