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In that passage, he was warning about overconfidence; in another, he encouraged risk-taking: "If the animal spirits are dimmed and the spontaneous optimism falters, leaving us to depend on nothing but a mathematical expectation, enterprise will fade and die".
Yet with the clean-up well under way, some firms are already dusting down growth strategies once again, and at least a few businessmen are daring to show signs of spontaneous optimism.
"If the animal spirits are dimmed and the spontaneous optimism falters, leaving us to depend on nothing but a mathematical expectation, enterprise will fade and die," Keynes noted, "though fears of loss may have a basis no more reasonable than hopes of profit had before".
In Keynes's words, "If the animal spirits are dimmed and the spontaneous optimism falters, leaving us to depend on nothing but a mathematical expectation, enterprise will fade and die though fears of loss may have a basis no more reasonable than hopes of profit had before".
In Keynes's words, "If the animal spirits are dimmed and the spontaneous optimism falters, leaving us to depend on nothing but a mathematical expectation, enterprise will fade and die — though fears of loss may have a basis no more reasonable than hopes of profit had before".
That eliminates the need for expensive jigs and tools on the assembly floor to hold parts in position while fitters file and trim in order to get everything to match.No-grow areaIt would be wrong to conclude from the gloom that American businesses will not soon muster again what Keynes called the "spontaneous optimism" that economies need in order to grow.
Similar(54)
But the main note echoing around Beirut on Sunday was one of optimism, and spontaneous celebrations burst out in several neighborhoods.
Trotty awakes with his optimism restored and celebrates his daughter Meg's spontaneous New Year's Day wedding.
But the optimism of "We Are the Best!" is far from spontaneous or naïve.
■ Optimism.
Very spontaneous".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com