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Although scientists have long known about the brain's spontaneous level of background nerve firing, Monteggia's study is the first to suggest a link between such background noise and depression.
This stimulus drive is in addition to a lower, spontaneous level of activity b which is always present on all of the presynaptic neurons.
The size of the mask at which the neuronal response decreased to the spontaneous level was defined as the diameter of the CRF.
These features of activities of salivary neurons are in accordance with the features found for salivation, in that (1) there was a spontaneous level of salivation and (2) sucrose or sodium chloride solution induced an increase in the level of salivation but (3) peppermint or vanilla odor did not.
Statistically significant differences in the spontaneous level of chromosomal aberrations were estimated using Fisher's exact test.
It should be noted that in hESC lines we observed a high spontaneous level of γ-H2AX foci, which are well-known surrogate markers of DSBs [ 23].
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Adolescents with BD had significantly higher spontaneous levels of NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte and lymphocyte populations, and higher plasma levels of IL-1β than healthy controls.
Thus, our observations do not indicate lowering of spontaneous levels of oxidative damage by either CR or resveratrol.
Untreated hepatocytes have spontaneous levels of apoptosis of <5%, while the addition of TRAIL increased apoptosis only minimally, confirming the relative resistance of these cells to TRAIL.
Mice harbouring the AhCre transgene have been reported to show spontaneous levels of recombination (in the absence of β-naphthoflavone induction) in both the kidney and genitourinary tract [14], [12], but not in the intestine [17].
High spontaneous levels of γ-H2AX foci have been demonstrated previously in mouse ESCs [ 24, 25].
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