Bonawitz, E. et al. The double-edged sword of pedagogy: instruction limits spontaneous exploration and discovery.
The double-edged sword of pedagogy: Instruction limits spontaneous exploration and discovery.
At the induction, participants were supplied with plastic (Falcon) tubes (15 mL) containing 2 mL of an RNA collection solution (RNAlater), the relevant RNAlater material safety data sheet, and instructions for spontaneous sputum production.
Language is assessed through the ability to name objects, repeat phrases, and by observing the individual's spontaneous speech and response to instructions.
To test for the dissociation predicted by the affect heuristic hypothesis, we looked for an interaction between sentence condition (emotional vs. neutral) and instruction (explicit instruction vs. spontaneous avoidance of negative sentences), using the areas of task activation and deactivation as an interpretive guide (Figure 2A and Supporting Table S2 in the online information).
To verify that the perfusion technique was successful, and identify areas involved in the task, we first contrasted the conditions in which subjects were forming sentences, irrespective of valence (emotional or neutral) and instruction (explicit instruction or spontaneous avoidance of negative sentences), against the baseline perfusion at rest.
After the post intervention measurements all participants will be advised to continue spontaneous physical activity, no other specific instruction will be given to the subject.
For instructions in the on-direction for simple-spike firing, the low spontaneous rate of CS responses was inhibited by the instruction.
All the individuals recruited were asked to give a 5-minute spontaneous speech while being videotaped, following specific instructions (in French).
Was it induced by the experimenter instructions or it was an spontaneous strategy?
Under instruction the retractions cease to be spontaneous and tend to lose their distinction from the strikes.
