In addition to KIT expression, spontaneous gain-of-function mutations in KIT (∼80%) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA; ∼10%) are frequently found in GIST.
Analyses under neutral evolutionary scenarios, on the other hand, have argued for the spontaneous gain and loss of binding sites [ 17].
On the other side of the spectrum, when networks are not sparse, and the spontaneous gain rate of binding sites is relatively equivalent to their loss rate, selecting on a specific pathway function does not affect regulatory complexity.
The spontaneous gain rate of binding sites in 'higher organisms' would lead to unknown polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of genes, between individuals, and even between cells in a body, which is a significant complicating factor to treating non-Mendelian diseases like cancer.
It has been suggested that p110β represents an activated PI3K relative to p110α based on the observation that p110α undergoes numerous spontaneous gain-of-function mutations in human cancers (Brown and Auger, 2011; Vogt, 2011), and transfection of the wild-type p110α is not oncogenic, whereas transfection of wild-type p110β and p110δ is (Zhao et al., 2005; Kang et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2008).
Beyond this, it may even be possible to ask whether spontaneous activity gains any temporal structure resembling the stimulus-triggered sequences after training.
Results are summarised in table 3. Spontaneous baroreflex gain was similar between groups at study entry.
Can we apply an understanding of spontaneous imagery gained by the study of spontaneous negative images to spontaneous positive images?
3 Ageing is also associated with profound changes in cardiovascular neural control, as witnessed by decreased heart rate variability, 4 increased sympathetic drive and reduced spontaneous baroreflex gain.
There were no significant changes in either group at the end of the study: spontaneous baroreflex gain in the control group at baseline and at 4 months was 9.2±6.9 and 8.0±5.7 ms/mm Hg and in the yoga group 10.0±9.3 and 6.8±4.0 ms/mm Hg (p=0.462).
