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A second tree by Brown and van Tuinen (2011) was used to calibrate the branching points of orders, represented by dots splitting from one another, to geological time.
The most recent common ancestor of the pagurid + lithodid + hapalogastrid clade was placed in the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian, ~98 MYA, Square K) with Lithodidae and Hapalogastridae splitting from one another around 18 MYA (Burdigalian, Miocene).
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For example, one key event that shapes our understanding of how birds evolved is the adaptive radiation that occurred approximately 65 million years ago, during which most of the modern avian orders split from one another (Fig. 7).
In addition, P. t. ellioti consists of two populations that split from one another ~4 kya.
For example, the western and central/eastern groups appear to have split from one another very early in the history of this species.
An important assumption of IM is that the populations in question have most recently split from one another; thus, we limited IM analyses to adjacent sky islands.
In our analysis with ∼430 orthologous gene groups, the two cephalochordates split from one another about 120 Ma, cephalochordates split from vertebrates more than 550 Ma, while hemichordates and echinoderms split with chordates more than 570 Ma.
Second, we can only document gene flow that has occurred since the subspecies of H. melpomene split from one another, which is recent relative to the split between H. melpomene and H. cydno.
Upon sas-6 RNAi) sas-6 RNAirwine wild-type bankgrotherwise two paternally contributed centrioles split from one another and assembled a bipolar spindle at the end of the one-cell stage (Movie S1).
The biologists also used the amount of genetic change in the viruses to estimate when the different viral lineages split off from one another.
The fact that these two groups split apart from one another doesn't mean they can't and shouldn't work together.
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