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According to previous molecular phylogenetic studies, PAPs constitute an ancient protein family that existed before the split of plants, fungi, and animals [ 68, 69, 80].
This further suggests that the diversification in function, as speculated from their expression pattern, of most plant DCL genes may have occurred after the split of plants and animal lineages but before the divergence of monocots and dicots.
Our results indicate that contrary to the traditional monophyletic view of the origin of vertebrate retroviruses, the Retroviridae class I is a molecular fossil, preserving features that were probably predominant among Ty3/Gypsy ancestors predating the split of plants, fungi and animals.
Biol).: their knowledge of the protist taxonomy is a bit too vague (see for instance strange notions such as the supposed "three way split of plants, animals and fungi" (p.15), the odd branching of diatoms that the authors said are "informally classified as protists" (p. 18)...) Done.
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Altogether, the wide distribution of the TML domain among eukaryotic calpains suggests that this domain combination was likely formed before the split of land plants and green algae, then secondarily lost in the early evolution of the Chlorophyta green algae.
A series of duplications occurred in the common ancestor of seed plants leading to the original split of flowering plant MIR159 and MIR319.
It is also clear that liverwort Csl homologs are often clustered with moss and spike moss sequences and ancestral to their corresponding orthologs in seed plants, suggesting that the sequence diversification of these genes happened after the split of liverworts and seed plants.
However, tandemly arrayed LYKs were not identified in monocots, suggesting that tandem duplication of these genes may have occurred after the split of monocot and dicot plants.
All the acyltransferases and P450 in Taxus clustered together, suggesting that recent gene duplication took place after the split of Taxus from other plants.
This result indicated that the main characteristics of PTR family in rice and Arabidopsis were formed before the split of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and then evolved separately in a species-specific manner.
Notwithstanding, the NPA motifs (NPA/NPV) and the ar/R filter (A, I, A, R) in the moss PpNIP3 1 is identical to AtNIP6 1, suggesting that these genes had the signatures before the split of bryophytes and vascular plants [ 7].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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