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All studies had a split litter design.
A split litter design was used and the experimental animals were also compared to animal facility reared controls.
In a split litter design experiment, prepubertal boars were intramuscularly exposed to DEHP, oestradiol or vehicle during five weeks, starting at six weeks of age.
Using a split litter design, male and female rats were randomly assigned to either the tactile stimulation group (tactile stimulation for 15 min, three times/day, from postnatal day 3 to 21), or the no-tactile stimulation group.
Sixty rat pups were enrolled in a split litter design to six groups: a control group, a PPA-treated group, a BV-treated group, a BV/PPA protective group, a PPA/BV therapeutic group, and a BV/PPA/BV protective and therapeutic group.
A split litter design was used; within each species, litters were divided into three groups for testing at different ages (7, 14 and 21 days) and then within each age group, individuals were assigned to treatment groups that were fed or not fed prior to testing.
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Rat pups were exposed to different combinations of EH and MS from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 10 using a split-litter design.
In a split-litter design experiment, male piglets were exposed orally three times weekly to 300 mg/kg of di 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (di 2-ethylhexylo between three and seven weeks of age.
In a split-litter design experiment, boars were exposed orally three times weekly to 300 mg/kg of di 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (di 2-ethylhexyl and 7 weeks of age.
Within each of the 30 litters (culled at birth to the standard size of eight pups), we treated six pups by subcutaneous injection in the nape of the neck from PND11 to PND14: one male and one female were randomly assigned to receive vehicle, one male and one female to receive CPF 1 mg/kg (CPF1), and one male and one female to receive CPF3 treatment (split-litter design).
The litters were split before sexual maturity and males from each litter were divided into two groups: LPS-treated and control LPS-untreated (PBS-treated) group.
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