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However the relationship of these polypeptides to the spine structure is unclear as they are completely digested under conditions where the spinae remain intact.
In vitro studies of PSD-95 signalling indicate that it may play a role in regulating dendritic spine structure.
Here we demonstrate that selective elimination of Rac1 in excitatory neurons in the forebrain in vivo not only affects spine structure, but also impairs synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus with consequent defects in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning.
We next examined dendritic spine structure from the pyramidal neurons of hippocampal CA1 region by Golgi staining and found that dendrites spine density was significantly increased in LoNA knockdown mice, decreased in LoNA-overexpressed mice, and largely unchanged in mutant LoNA-administered mice (Fig. 5h).
Dendritic spines are sites of excitatory synaptic transmission and changes in spine structure and dendrite morphology are thought to represent a morphological correlate of altered brain functions associated with hippocampal dependent learning and memory.
Because of this, accurate and unbiased characterization of dendritic spine structure is vital to our ability to explore and understand their involvement in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic failure in neurological diseases.
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Results: Of 34,069 enrolled patients with blunt trauma, 818 (2.4%) individuals had a total of 1,496 distinct cervical spine injuries to 1,285 different cervical spine structures.
Only 14 spine lesions were recorded concordantly by both methods (MRI and F PET/CT): 6 vertebral body lesions and 8 lesions within the posterior spine structures.
A total of 38 areas with increased uptake in the spine were detected by F PET/CT: 17 vertebral body lesions (10 aCIL, 3 LIL, 4 NIL) and 21 lesions within the posterior spine structures, with the thoracic spine most frequently affected (30/38 = 79% of lesions).
Even with the advent of semi-automated tracing methods, characterization of fine dendritic and spine structures in true 3D remains a difficult challenge.
Spines with Multiple Excitatory Contacts (SMECs) represent a developmental stage in the maturation of dendritic spine structures.
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