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We calculated vector from head to upper spine point, h u (t), and compute head angle to the vertical coordinate axis y, (H_{i}(t) = arctan {frac {h_{u,z}(t)}{h_{u,y}(t)}}).
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Lin Foxhall, the chairwoman of Leicester University's archaeological services department, said preliminary diagnosis of the curved spine pointed to a condition known as scoliosis, which often causes one shoulder to be raised higher than the other — exactly how contemporary accounts described Richard.
That right angle is also seen in humans, reflecting that the head sits directly atop a vertical spine, pointing the eyes forward during upright walking.
Results show relationships between the habitual posture in the sagittal plane, the angle of the triangle between the cervical and upper thoracic kyphosis and the vertical line defined by spine points C7/Th1.
Spine pointed a finger at the intruder.
Sternberg, in the same paper as T. cranibrevis, named a skull and partial skeleton (GSC now NMC 8705) L. magnicristatum (corrected to magnicristatus), and a smaller skull (GSC now NMC 8703) L. clavinitialis, with a less prominent crest and reduced spine pointing from the back.
Zs was defined as the line connecting the root of the spine and the acromial angle, pointing to the acromial angle; Xs as the line perpendicular to the plane formed by the inferior angle, the acromial angle, and the root of the spine, pointing forward; and, Ys, as the common line perpendicular to the Xs- and Zs-axis, pointing upward [ 7].
They are arranged along the median edge; the proximal spines point medially, the more distal ones progressively more distally.
Make the spines point backwards for a realistic effect.
Candidate points of the spine head are extracted as points where both λ+ and λ− yield negative values since it is assumed that the spine head is an isolated closed volume with a closed surface.
If disturbed, the turkey fish displays by spreading its fins to their fullest extent, rotating until it assumes a position, often head down, with its dorsal spines pointing toward the intruder.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com