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The Self-Assessment in Neurological Surgery (SANS) General Examination and Spine Examination are online educational tools for lifelong learning and maintenance of certification.
Before the spine examination, horses were submitted to 5 standardized behavioural tests, routinely used in different studies on human – horse relationship.
(b) Cervical spine examination.
On spine examination, we found that her lumber intervertebral spaces were palpable, but her thoracic intervertebral spaces were not.
Testing includes the administering of questionnaires (a Headache Diagnosis Questionnaire, Headache Inventory List and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6)) and physical tests (Thermal Stimuli, Manual Cervical Spine Examination and Pressure Algometry).
When considering the short time available, the authors did not feel that both the spine examination and the complete peripheral joint examination could be meaningfully covered in a two hour teaching session.
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For CT-lumbar spine examinations a significant difference in both CTDIvol (Fig. 1c, Table 5) and DLP (Fig. E3, Table 5) between the two CT systems was observed in hospital C. All CT-lumbar spine examinations in hospital A were performed on one CT system and hence intrahospital comparison or "internal benchmarking" was not possible.
b Box plot of the CTDIvol-median value, interquartile range, total range and outliers for all CT-cervical spine examinations on the five CT systems with the national P75 and P25 DRLs as benchmark.
The scan lengths for CT-head, CT-thorax, CT-thorax-abdomen and CT-cervical spine examinations were consistent between the two CT systems in hospital A (p values ≥ 0.01) (Fig. 5, Fig. E4), while in hospital C the scan lengths were not consistent (p values < 0.01) between their two CT systems for CT-thorax, CT-lumbar spine, CT-cervical spine and CT-head examinations (Fig. 5, Fig. E4).
c Box plot of the CTDIvol-median value, interquartile range, total range and outliers for all CT-lumbar spine examinations on four CT systems with the national P75 and P25 DRLs as benchmark Table 4 Median CTDIvol (mGy) per scanner for the different CT regions.
It can also be noticed that different kinds of spine examinations ranged high.
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