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By contrast, under convexity condition, the less differentiated are products (close to 1), the more sensitive R&D spillovers with respect to (gamma), and the convexity delineates the situations where firms adopt different technologies.
It is important to recognize that economic development in today's world is inherently linked to participating in manufacturing Global Value Chains (GVCs), especially in their middle segments for the maximization of learning spillovers (with producers learning as much from their suppliers of imported goods as from the buyers of their exports).
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The hydrogen adsorption capacity of modified Zn2 bdc 2dabco was significantly enhanced up to 3.35 wt.% by using the secondary spillover with carbon bridges measured at 1.5 bar and 77 K.
Certain attitudes you have in one facet of life bleed into other ones, so it doesn't surprise me when I see that spillover with something as personal and almost primal as our attraction to certain kinds of art.
The fished region that did not share a boundary with the MR (region D) exhibited less variability in spillover with an average immigration of 0.2 tonnes (Figure 6D).
In the field, we see clear evidence of the early stages of spillover, with frequent primary infections (from commercial to wild bees) near greenhouses.
Even if there are spillovers associated with immigration in the form of reduced "American-ness" or in terms of a less vibrant, less distinct culture it isn't clear that these externalities are actionable, let alone negative.
Moreover, the stage immediately prior to the start of production is also the time when there is the greatest chance of spillovers, hence with all the negative consequences that might ensue for those who are engaged in the process without being certain to be able to exploit such production exclusively.
Violent conflicts and internal security dilemmas lead to massive human-rights violations, refugee flows, and spillover effects with the potential to destabilize whole regions.
AS Kennedy and La Guardia airports get more expensive and difficult to use, Islip's MacArthur Airport is poised to benefit from the spillover effect, with its new general manager predicting a surge in discount flights to destinations in the United States and abroad.
impedance spectra reveal a buildup of sacrificial promoter, most likely OH formed by reaction of spillover protons with chemisorbed oxygen, under electrochemical promotion conditions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com