Taking into account these two theoretical perspectives, the present study predicts the activation of spillover among different pro-environmental behaviors.
However, anticipated guilt, a motivation factor, does not moderate spillover among pro-environmental behaviors, at least between past recycling behavior and green apparel shopping behaviors.
Raising productivity and wages has the potential to create a virtuous circle of higher demand that feeds into more exports, so that there's positive spillover among the biggest economies.
Yet, contrary to the prediction, anticipated guilt, a motivation factor, did not help in heightening spillover among pro-environmental behaviors, at least between past recycling behavior and green apparel shopping behaviors.
Water scarcity, whether driven by human use or climate change, also has the potential to increase the risk of disease spillover among people, wildlife, and domestic animals sharing limited water sources in the Ruaha landscape (Coppolillo 2004; Mazet et al. 2009).
Although none of the bats tested in our investigation had active rabies infections, both vampire and nonvampire bats had evidence of antibodies to rabies virus, which perhaps suggests ongoing cross-species transmission (spillover) among multiple bat species.
In this regard, research increasingly pays attention to the concept of catalytic behavior, which reflects a spillover effect among diverse pro-environmental behaviors (c.f., Lanzini and Thøgersen 2014; The UK department for environment, food and rural affairs 2008; Thøgersen and Crompton 2009; Truelove et al. 2014).
Other criteria that need to be considered include the relative severity and extent of spillover effects among different diseases, the potential for reducing catastrophic household spending on health, and protection of human rights.
